Georgia lawmakers have passed a controversial bill that could allow property owners to take legal action against local governments over homeless encampments and immigration enforcement policies.

The legislation would let individuals seek compensation if they believe local officials failed to enforce laws banning public camping, loitering, or so-called “sanctuary” policies that limit cooperation with federal immigration authorities. Supporters say the measure is designed to hold cities accountable and address concerns about public safety and property impacts.

Backers of the bill argue that communities should not have to deal with illegal encampments or related issues, saying enforcement of existing laws is necessary to maintain order.

However, critics — including advocacy groups and some lawmakers — warn the measure could criminalize homelessness and lead to an increase in arrests of people who have nowhere else to go. They also raise concerns about potential lawsuits costing taxpayers and say more investment in housing and support services would be a better solution.

The bill now heads to Governor Brian Kemp’s desk, where he will decide whether to sign it into law.